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[!literal <style> .eval { border-collapse: collapse; } .eval th { border: 1px black solid; padding: 5px; background-color: #337; text-align: left !important } .eval td { border: 1px black solid; padding: 5px; font-size: 0.9em; vertical-align: top } </style> ] [Ray Sims|http://blog.simslearningconnections.com] has done a sterling job in assembling [many different published definitions of Knowledge Management|http://blog.simslearningconnections.com/?p=279]. As most people who have worked in the area know, one of KM's commonly quoted flaws is that there isn't one "gospel" definition of KM. I thought it would be interesting to work through the definitions and summarize how these definitions talk about KM. I've also made a judgment call on whether they really ''are'' talking about KM or not. You'll need to read the [original post|http://blog.simslearningconnections.com/?p=279] if you want to know the original wording of each definition. ([Enough already - take me straight to the summary!|KM Definition Evaluation Results]) [.table.eval(4) --Def--; --Author--; --Key Points--; --Evaluation--; 1; Alavi & Leidner (2001); '''Process based''' definition. Includes '''creation''' ("knowledge creation"), '''codification''' ("knowledge storage and retrieval"), '''learning''' ("knowledge transfer"), and '''improved execution''' ("knowledge application"). Doesn't distinguish between organisational knowledge, individual knowledge, and knowledge assets.; KM, codification bias; 2; ASTD Learning System; '''Management/process hybrid'''. Focuses on exploitation of '''knowledge assets'''. Includes '''creation''', '''harvesting''', '''classification''', '''codification''', and '''improved execution'''; KM, codification bias; 3; Blair; '''Process based''', highlighting '''continuous improvement''', '''creation''' and '''learning'''; KM, but doesn't really explain ''how'' to do KM; 4; BPTrends; N/A; Not KM. Information Management if anything; 5; Bridgefield Group; '''Management based''', highlighting '''creation''', '''codification''', '''distribution''', and '''learning'''; Heavy information systems bias. Suspect that 'knowledge' and 'information' are being used interchangeably here; 6; Brooking (1999); '''Process based''', highlighting '''retention''', '''creation''', '''codification''' and '''knowledge assets'''; This is a mish-mash of HR and IM; 7; Business Resources Online; '''Management based''', highlighting '''collaboration''', '''creation''', '''harvesting''', '''classification''', '''distribution''' and '''knowledge assets'''; Old fashioned KM definition, doesn't include the concept of organisational learning; 8; CIO Magazine; '''Process based''', highlighting '''codification''', '''distribution''', '''improved execution''' and '''knowledge assets'''; Generating value is important, but relying on codification has proven to be insufficient for effective KM; 10; Cura Consortium; '''Management based''' to exploit '''knowledge assets'''; Given that the exact nature of tacit and explicit knowledge are themselves open to debate, this definition adds little of use; 11; eLiteral; '''Process based''' definition, highlighting '''learning''', '''collaboration''' and '''distribution'''; Quite a complex definition; 12; Firestone (2008); '''Management based''', highlighting '''continuous improvement''', '''improved processing''', '''learning'''; Joe's definition is important but quite distinct from most other KM definitions since it requires improved ''processing'' of knowledge; 13; Frappaolo (2006); '''Management based''', highlighting '''improved execution''' and '''creation'''; If we substitute 'organisational knowledge' for 'collective wisdom' it's basically a sound definition but very short on detail; 14; Gartner Group (1996); '''Management based''', highlighting '''discovery''', '''distribution''' and '''codification'''; This definition makes the assumption that knowledge can't be 'managed' until it is codified; 15; Groff & Jones (2003); '''Process based''', highlighting '''retention''', '''learning''', '''classification''', '''creation''', and '''distribution'''; This definition wouldn't require 'codification' but it's not clear how you can classify business expertise without codifying it; 16; Gurteen; '''Process based''', highlighting '''creation''', '''distribution''' and '''improved execution'''; Again, notice how this definition of KM as actual processes rather than a management effort ''directed'' at these processes; 17; Gurteen; '''Process based''', highlighting '''distribution''' and '''improved execution'''; Quite sound, treats knowledge as an individual asset; 18; Holsapple & Joshi (2004); '''Management based''', highlighting '''creation''', '''cultural change''' and '''improved execution'''; OK, has a lot of fluff in there; 19; Hresko (2003); '''Process based''', highlighting '''distribution''' and '''creation'''; Seems based solely on the codification of organisational knowledge; 20; Information Alchemy; '''KM as individual skill''', highlighting '''improved execution'''; Strange definition - "this can't be taught!"; 21; Jennex (2005); '''KM as individual skill''', highlighting '''improved execution'''; Again sees KM as as a skill; 22; KM-Experts; '''Management based''', highlighting '''distribution''', '''improved execution''', '''creation''' and '''learning'''; Quite sound, but light on substance; 23; Knapp, E; '''Management based''', focusing on exploitation of '''knowledge assets'''; Seems like a "magic incantation" definition (requiring consultants??); 24; Knowledge Based Solutions; '''Process based''', highlighting '''distribution''', '''improved execution'''; Doesn't explore how these "knowledge systems" get created in the first place and why this shouldn't be part of KM; 25a; Knowledge Praxis; '''Management based''', essentially saying 'a manager gets appointed to look after KM, whatever KM is'; By providing two definitions for KM, Knowledge Praxis tries to have its cake and eat it too, with fairly unconvincing results; 25b; Knowledge Praxis; '''Process based''', highlighting '''improved execution''' by using '''knowledge assets'''; ''(see above)''; 26; Uni of South Queensland (non-authoritative); '''Management based''', highlighting '''improved execution'''; Generic definition of KM; 27; Mahle; '''Management based''' highlighting '''resource assignment'''; Interesting definition since it implies the idea of assigning resources based on the knowledge they hold; 28; Malhotra (2005); '''Process based''', highlighting '''learning''', '''improved execution''', and '''creation'''; Heavy information systems bias; 29; MIT Sloan; '''Process based''', highlighting '''codification''', '''classification''' and '''distribution'''; A literal reading would give a definition of IM, not KM, but this is being generous; 30; Mountain Quest Institute; '''Management based''', highlighting '''knowledge assets''', '''improved execution'''; A long-winded way of saying very little; 31; NSW Government; '''Management based''' definition highlighting '''improved execution'''; Generic definition; 32; O'Dell, Elliott and Hubert (2000); '''Management based''' highlighting '''improved execution''', '''learning''' and '''distribution'''; A bit vague, but otherwise OK; 33; O'Dell and Grayson (1998); '''Management based''' highlighting '''distribution''' and '''improved execution'''; Doesn't include any concept of learning; 34; PHRED Solutions; '''Process based''' highlighting '''codification''' and '''distribution'''; Focuses on sharing rather than learning; 35; Qualis Health; N/A; Not a KM definition!; 36; Rumizen (2002); '''Management based''', highlighting '''creation''', '''codification''', '''distribution''' and '''improved execution'''; Again very generic; 37; SearchDomino.com; '''Management based''', highlighting '''harvesting''', '''classification''', '''distribution''', '''learning'''; Although the codification of knowledge is only implied, it is clear that this focuses heavily on the requirement to codify knowledge; 38; David Skyrme Associates; '''Management/process hybrid''', highlighting '''classification''', '''creation''', '''distribution''', and '''improved execution'''; Concept of 'vital knowledge' is treated as "classification" (without classifying knowledge, how will you know if it is vital?); 39; TranslationDirectory.com; N/A; Not KM; 40; UniSA Planning and Assurance Services; '''Management based''', highlighting '''improved execution''' and '''knowledge assets'''; Carefully doesn't talk about 'knowledge stores' as being explicit information repositories; 41; Weik/Blair; '''Process based''', highlighting '''distribution''', '''cultural change''', '''collaboration''' and '''learning'''; Interestingly, doesn't highlight improved execution; 42; Wikipedia; '''Process based''', highlighting '''discovery''', '''creation''', '''codification''' and '''distribution'''; Doesn't specify ''why'' these activities are being done; 43; WorldWideLearn; '''Process based''', highlighting '''harvesting''', '''classification''', '''creation''' and '''distribution'''; Open to interpretation - could just mean extensive codification into a KB or something far more interesting; 44; Vivian (2005); '''Process based''', highlighting '''improved execution''' and '''learning'''; An early definition by Kaye; 45; Vivian (2006); '''Process based''', highlighting '''collaboration''', '''harvesting''', '''creation''' and '''distribution'''; A bit too tech-heavy for my liking; 46; Tsoukas and Vladimirou; '''KM as skill''', highlighting '''codification''' and '''learning'''; A strange one, in that the individual's KM skills appears to rely upon their codification of existing knowledge and teaching this to others; 47; Unknown; N/A; Not KM - using IM and 'hoping' for new K as a result; 48; Sveiby; '''Management based''', highlighting '''improved execution''' and '''knowledge assets'''; pithy but again very broad; 49; Stuart; '''Management based''', highlighting '''retention''', '''creation''', '''classification''' and '''distribution'''; almost but not quite an IM pitch; 50; Beijerse; '''Management based''', highlighting '''learning'''; doesn't mention collaboration as being important at all!; 51; Amidon; '''Process based''', highlighting '''creation''', '''knowledge assets''', '''distribution''', '''improved execution'''; very heavy on the idea of converting Intellectual Capital into $$$; 52; Grey; '''Management based''', highlighting '''collaboration''', '''creation''', '''harvesting''', '''classification''', '''distribution''', '''improved execution''' and '''knowledge assets'''; hits a lot of buzzwords; 53; Hoyt Consulting; '''Process based''', highlighting '''collaboration''', '''distribution''' and '''improved execution'''; Pretty good for an explanation of ''why''^; doesn't really cover ''how''; 54; Vivian; Same as above; Same as above ] [Summary results|KM Definition Evaluation Results]
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